论文快递：第九十五期
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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第九十五期，将介绍Urban Studies的5篇online-first论文，主题涵盖英格兰商业化逻辑的发展轨迹、中国职业女性的伴侣动物及其阶级形成、战后贝鲁特的绅士化和酷儿空间，瑞典初创企业的知识溢出效应、以及意大利托兰塔的地方营造，欢迎阅读。
01
‘We need to put what we do in my dad’s language, in pounds, shillings and pence’: Commercialisation and the reshaping of public-sector planning in England
“我们需要用父辈的语言来表达我们的工作，英镑，先令和便士”：英格兰的商业化和公共部门规划的重塑
Jason Slade （英国谢菲尔德大学）
Malcolm Tait （英国谢菲尔德大学）
Andy Inch（英国谢菲尔德大学）
首次出版时间：2021/3/14｜研究论文
Abstract
This article furthers understanding of how commercial imperatives are reshaping dominant conceptions of planning practice in England, and by extension the production of the built environment more widely. We make an original contribution by tracing the emergence of the logic of commercialisation in England, demonstrating how the impacts of austerity and ‘market-led viability planning’ have entrenched the ‘delivery state’, a powerful disciplinary matrix representing late-neoliberal governance. Through in-depth, ethnographic study of a local planning authority, we argue that commercialisation within the delivery state creates a distinct ‘economy of attention’, reshaping planners’ agency and professional identities, and the substance and scope of their work. The conclusion draws out wider implications of commercialisation for planning in and beyond the delivery state.
摘要
本文推进了关于商业规则如何重塑英国规划实践的主导概念、进而更为广泛地重塑建筑环境的产生方面的理解。我们的原创贡献是追踪英国商业化逻辑的出现，展示紧缩和“市场主导的生存规划”的影响如何巩固了“交付型政府”。这是一个代表后新自由主义治理的强大学科矩阵。通过对当地规划当局的深入民族志研究，我们认为，交付型政府的商业化创造了一种独特的“注意力经济”，重塑了规划者的机构和职业身份，以及他们工作的实质和范围。我们的结论引出了商业化对交付型政府内外的规划的更广泛的影响。
Keywords
commercialisation, marketisation, planning, professional identities
关键词
商业化, 市场化, 规划, 职业身份
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021989953
02
Becoming ‘pet slaves’ in urban China: Transspecies urban theory, single professional women and their companion animals
成为中国城市中的“宠物奴隶”：跨物种城市理论，单身职业女性及其伴侣动物
Chris KK Tan （南京大学）
Tingting Liu （暨南大学）
Xiaojun Gao（华东师范大学）
首次出版时间：2021/3/14｜研究论文
Abstract
Urban spaces in China have traditionally been marked by hetero-patriarchy, making them key sites for exploring gendered power relations. Reflecting on the growing importance of companion animals, this study investigates the roles that these animals now play in the lives of unmarried women in urban China. Using transspecies urban theory to examine interview data gathered primarily from Guangzhou, we draw three conclusions. Firstly, as material conditions increasingly define pet keeping, companion animals have become both a class symbol and a safe refuge from the stressful demands of working life. Secondly, as professional Chinese women construct positive intimate relationships with their companions to preserve their autonomy as persons at work, they increasingly turn their backs on traditional marriage and family in an instantiation of ‘emergent femininity’. Thirdly, pets offer a new venue of online sociality for their owners. By centring women in Chinese urban studies, we argue that companion animals co-construct the living conditions of their urban, female, middle-class owners.
摘要
中国的城市空间传统上以异性恋-父权制为标志，这使得它们成为探索性别权力关系的重要场所。考虑到伴侣动物越来越重要，本研究调查了这些动物目前在中国城市未婚女性生活中扮演的角色。我们运用跨物种城市理论检验主要从广州收集的访谈数据，得出了三个结论。首先，随着物质条件越来越多地定义宠物饲养，伴侣动物已经成为一个阶级象征，以及一个可以让人从紧张的工作生活要求中逃离的安全的避难所。其次，随着中国职业女性与其伴侣动物建立积极的亲密关系，以保持她们作为职场人士的独立性，她们越来越多地抛弃传统的婚姻和家庭，成为“新兴女权主义”的一个实例。第三，宠物为主人提供了一个新的在线社交场所。通过将女性置于中国城市研究的中心，我们认为伴侣动物成为了其城市女性中产阶级主人生活环境的一部分。
Keywords
China, companion animals, middle class, professional women, transspecies urban theory
关键词
中国, 伴侣动物, 中产阶级, 职业女性, 跨物种城市理论
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021991721
03
‘Where the state freaks out’: Gentrification, Queerspaces and activism in postwar Beirut
“国家惊慌失措的地方”：战后贝鲁特的绅士化，酷儿空间和激进主义
John Nagle（英国皇后大学）
首次出版时间：2021/3/14 | 研究论文
Abstract
In this article I illuminate the production and erasure of Queerspaces in Beirut as part of postwar gentrification. A dual Beirut has emerged within assemblages of sectarian power, sexual citizenship and political economy. Commercial Queerspaces tacitly incorporated into the neoliberal and sectarian state exist while the ‘Queer unwanted’– spaces and people deemed transgressive to the moral order – are violently erased by state and non-state actors. These dual spaces expose the limits on life for Queer communities. To analyse these dynamics, I turn to the testimonies of LGBTQ activists in Beirut in relation to the possibilities offered by Queerspace. While activists note the exclusions – class, gender and sexuality – of commercial Queerspace that restrain political agency, they have powerfully asserted radical intersectional politics into recent revolutionary anti-sectarian waves of protest. This politics is marked by articulating Queerness as a project of connecting marginality for all excluded groups in Lebanon’s postwar order and by a queering of sectarian/neoliberal space that has hitherto cleansed undesirable LGBTQ bodies. This article draws on extensive fieldwork in Beirut (2011 to 2020), thus permitting longitudinal research of LGBTQ activism.
摘要
在这篇文章中，我阐述了作为战后绅士化过程的一部分，贝鲁特酷儿空间的产生和消失。在宗派权力、性公民和政治经济的集合中，双重贝鲁特已经出现。商业酷儿空间悄悄地融入了新自由主义和宗派主义国家，而“不受欢迎的酷儿”空间（被视为违反道德秩序的空间和人）则被国家和非国家行为者暴力抹去。这些双重空间暴露了酷儿群体生活的局限。为了分析这些动态，我求助于贝鲁特的男女同性恋、双性恋、变性者和酷儿 (LGBTQ) 活动分子关于酷儿空间提供的可能性的见证。尽管这些活动分子注意到了商业空间中发生的排斥（阶级、性别和性）限制了政治表达，但他们在最近的反宗派抗议革命浪潮中有力地主张激进的跨宗派政治。这种政治的特点是，将酷儿 (Queerness) 阐述为连接黎巴嫩战后秩序中所有被排斥边缘化群体的项目，以及对一直在清洗不受欢迎的LGBTQ的宗派/新自由主义团体的空间的破坏。本文基于在贝鲁特（2011年至2020年期间）的大量实地调查，因此能实现对LGBTQ行动主义的纵向研究。
Keywords
community, displacement, gender, gentrification, public space, queer, social movement
关键词
社区, 驱逐, 性别, 绅士化, 公共空间, 酷儿, 社会运动
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021993697
04
Do local start-ups and knowledge spillovers matter for firm-level R&D investment?
本地的初创企业和知识溢出对公司层面研发投资有影响吗？
Frank Crowley （爱尔兰科克大学学院）
Declan Jordan（爱尔兰科克大学学院）
首次出版时间：2021/3/14｜研究论文
Abstract
What happens to firm-level research and development (R&D) when urban locations have more knowledge spillovers and are more entrepreneurial? This article explores the potential tension between knowledge spillovers, start-ups and innovation effort in existing firms. The relationship is empirically tested using Swedish firm-level data and municipality-level data on start-ups. The results indicate that having more start-ups in urban municipalities is associated with lower firm-level R&D expenditure. However, this relationship is not linear, where the negative association between the level of new firm formation and firm-level R&D expenditure decreases with scale. This suggests that the relationship between local entrepreneurship and a business’ R&D decisions is conditioned by the extent of that entrepreneurship.
摘要
当各个城市地点有更多的知识溢出并且更具创业精神时，企业层面的研发会怎样？本文探讨知识溢出和初创企业与现有企业创新之间的潜在张力。我们用瑞典公司层面的数据和初创企业的市政府层面数据对这种关系进行实证检验。结果表明，在城市中，更多的初创企业与较低的企业层面研发支出相关。然而，这种关系不是线性的，新企业组建水平和企业层面研发支出之间的负相关关系随着地理范围级别的扩大而降低。这表明本地创业精神与企业研发决策之间的关系取决于创业精神的程度。
Keywords
agglomeration/urbanisation, economic processes, entrepreneurial cities, innovation, technology/smart cities
关键词
集聚/城市化, 经济过程, 创业型城市, 创新, 技术/智慧城市
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021995105
05
Ethics at work: Diverse economies and place-making in the historical centre of Taranto, Italy
工作中的道德规范：意大利塔兰托历史中心的多元经济和地方营造
Marianna d’Ovidio（意大利米兰比可卡大学）
首次出版时间：2021/3/14｜研究论文
Abstract
The paper examines five economic activities in the historical centre of Taranto, Italy and discusses how they impact upon the urban pattern. It is argued that meanings people ascribe to their work go beyond economic rationality, carrying identity, pleasure and ethical values. In fact, in the observed context, work becomes a tool for bottom-up urban regeneration, thus building urban identity and contributing to an imagining of the future city. Based on empirical case study analyses of economic activities in the sphere of culture and creativity, this paper investigates the different meanings of work and explores how the observed working practices represent actions of place-making and resistance to hegemonic forces that jeopardise the local community in the neighbourhood.
摘要
本文考察了意大利塔兰托历史中心的五种经济活动，并讨论了它们对城市格局的影响。有人认为，人们赋予他们工作的意义超越了经济理性，承载着身份、快乐和伦理价值。事实上，在作为观察对象的环境中，工作成为自下而上的城市再生的工具，其建立城市身份，并贡献于对未来城市的想象。基于对文化和创意领域经济活动的实证案例研究分析，本文探讨了工作的不同含义，并探讨了被观察的工作实践如何作为一种地方营造，以及对破坏本地社区结构的霸权力量的抵制。
Keywords
community, culture/arts/creativity, diverse economies, employment/labour, neighbourhood, place-making, public space
关键词
社区, 文化/艺术/创意, 多元化经济, 就业/劳动, 街区, 地方营造, 公共空间
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098021992221
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